Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to compare the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) induced by isometric and isotonic exercise on vertical jump performance.Methods18 healthy trained men (25.8±2.7 years; 78.4±8.2 kg; 175.7±6.1 cm; 25.4±1.8 BMI; 126.72±10.8 kg squat 1-RM) volunteered for this study. They randomly performed two different PAPE protocols: Isotonic squats (ISOTS), which consisted of 2 sets of 3 repetitions at 75% of one-maximum repetition (1-RM); and isometric squats (ISOMS), which consisted of 2 sets of 4 seconds of submaximal (75% of 1-RM) isometric contraction at 90°-knee flexion. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was tested at baseline and 4 minutes after each conditioning set.ResultsCMJ height significantly increased after set 1 in both PAPE protocols (ISOMS: p <0.001; ES = 0.34; ISOTS: p <0.001; ES = 0.24), with respect to the baseline jump. However, after set 2 no significant changes in CMJ height were observed for any protocol (ISOMS: p = 0.162; ES = 0.11; ISOTS: p = 0.976; ES = 0.06). No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between both isometric and isotonic exercise conditions.ConclusionsDespite both protocols showed similar PAPE effects on CMJ height after set 1, none of the protocols demonstrated greater efficacy in increasing subsequent performance in healthy trained men.
Highlights
Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) refers to the acute increase of the explosive neuromuscular capacity, triggered by different types of conditioning activities performed at maximal or near maximal intensity, experienced between 3–10 minutes after the warm-up [1, 2]
After set 2 no significant changes in Countermovement jump (CMJ) height were observed for any protocol (ISOMS: p = 0.162; effect size (ES) = 0.11; Isotonic squats (ISOTS): p = 0.976; ES = 0.06)
CMJ height was significant higher after CMJ 1 compared to CMJ 2 for both conditions (ISOMS: p
Summary
Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) refers to the acute increase of the explosive neuromuscular capacity, triggered by different types of conditioning activities performed at maximal or near maximal intensity, experienced between 3–10 minutes after the warm-up [1, 2]. Literature has been traditionally focused on the subsequent functional effects of high intensity activities on sports-related tasks, such as sprinting and jumping [4,5,6,7]. It is widely known that maximal or nearmaximal intensities (i.e., intensities above 80% of one-repetition maximum [1-RM]) are needed to induce PAPE in well-trained athletes [8]. Another key factor is resting time between the PAPE protocol and the subsequent activity, due to the PAPE time-course effects (peaking at 7–10 minutes after conditioning activity), for vertical jump performance [9]. Exercise intensity or resting time must be considered when designing any given warm-up protocol, and other several parameters should be considered to get the desired effects, such as, exercise volume, stimuli length, recovery period, and especially, muscle contraction type (i.e., concentric, eccentric or isometric)
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