Abstract
The objective of this study was to subjectively evaluate the harvest of two areas of adipose collection and three areas of bone marrow collection as potential sites for clinical harvest of adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and bone marrow concentrate for clinical use by quantifying the amount of tissue harvested, subjective ease of harvest, the variation of each site, and determining the cell surface marker characteristics using commercially available antibodies. Bone marrow and adipose tissue samples were collected from 10 adult mixed breed dogs. Adipose tissue was collected from the caudal scapular region and falciform fat ligament. Bone marrow aspirates were collected from the ilium, humerus, and tibia. Tissues were weighed (adipose) or measured by volume (bone marrow), processed to isolate the SVF or bone marrow concentrate, and flow cytometry was performed to quantitate the percentage of cells that were CD90, CD44 positive, and CD45 negative. Sites and tissue types were compared using matched pairs t-test. Subjectively subcutaneous fat collection was the most difficult and large amounts of tissue dissection were necessary. Additionally the subcutaneous area yielded less than the goal amount of tissue. The bone marrow harvest ranged from 10 to 27.5 ml. Adipose tissue had the highest concentration of cells with CD90+, CD44+, and CD45− markers (P < 0.05), and bone marrow had the highest total number of these cells at harvest (P < 0.05). Variation was high for all sites, but the adipose collection yielded more consistent results. These results describe the relative cellular components in the SVF of adipose tissue and bone marrow as defined by the biomarkers chosen. Although bone marrow yielded higher absolute cell numbers on average, adipose tissue yielded more consistent results. Fat from the falciform ligament was easily obtained with less dissection and therefore created less perceived relative patient trauma.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of cells, which have the ability for self-renewal, long-term viability, and multilineage potential [1]
Variation was high for all sites, but the adipose collection yielded more consistent results. These results describe the relative cellular components in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue and bone marrow as defined by the biomarkers chosen
The harvest of bone marrow overall was slightly more challenging compared to the adipose given the strength and aim necessary to get through the cortex and into the marrow
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of cells, which have the ability for self-renewal, long-term viability, and multilineage potential [1]. MSCs have been shown to have the ability to regenerate into bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, ligament, adipose, and stroma [2]. A heterogeneous cell population is concentrated from bone marrow aspirates or adipose tissue harvest prior to the injection back into the animal. An adiposederived population of cells called stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is created by digesting the fat and concentrating the remaining cells. These mixed cell populations and some MSC-concentrated preparations have mainly been applied to enhance tendon and ligament repair, fracture healing and to manage joint diseases [2, 6,7,8,9,10,11]
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