Abstract
The horizontal velocity of a thick ice sheet is maximum at the surface and decreases with increasing depth. The horizontal velocity profile at a given location differs from another location depending upon the in situ stress and temperature conditions and the changing but distinctive physical and chemical character of the ice profile. The main property changes that influence the behavior of horizontal ice flow include chemical impurity concentration levels (both solid and dissolved components) and c-axis orientation. Shoji and Langway (1984) calculated the velocity profiles for both the Camp Century and Dye-3 Greeland location by taking into consideration possible enhancement factor variations over the profiles. This analysis was compared with the theoretical and experimental strain rate data obtained for laboratory ice at the same stress and temperature levels. This study indicated that the largest horizontal velocity component is the result of a highly enhanced shear deformation zone, a few hundred meters thick existing at the base of the ice sheet.
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