Comparison of lateral resistance between I-shaped and X-shaped sleepers using finite element and discrete element coupling method

Abstract

The lateral resistance of ballasted track is a key factors to maintain the stability of continuously welded rails. In this study, a new type of X-shaped sleeper was developed to increase the lateral resistance compared to conventional I-shaped sleepers. Multi PD3D (Particle discrete 3D) elements were bonded by rigid Beam-type multi-point constraints (MPCs) to implement irregular shaped ballast. The performance of the X-shaped sleeper was examined using track panel push-out tests simulations. The results showed that the X-shaped sleeper could provide 27% greater lateral resistance compared to double I-shaped sleepers. This is due to the V-fork arms which distribute the central and lateral crib ballasts more effectively, enhancing the stability of the sleeper. Crib ballasts play a crucial role in the lateral resistance of X-shaped sleeper, providing nearly double the lateral resistance compared to double I-shaped sleepers. Overall, the proposed X-shaped sleeper has stronger lateral resistance and stability, making it a promising option for future applications.