Abstract
Along with the transition era, Yangon has been facing rapid urbanization and being challenged by the inevitable urban issues including slum and squatter settlements. Current squatter formation and expansion has been emerging in Yangon with the dichotomy between the urban population growth and the urban poverty. In this study, the main objective is to compare the root causes and countermeasures between the current and previous squatter formations. Mixed research, including qualitative and quantitative approaches, is applied to analyze data obtained from both primary and secondary sources. This paper argues that although the participatory approach is the most effective practice in the developing countries, the community-led housing scheme is doubtful for success in Yangon context. The major concerns regarding government role and will or mind-set of governmental organizations, paternalistic role of professionals, selective participation and excessive pressure for immediate results have been reported. It recommends that slum upgrading schemes should focus both on physical infrastructures and socio-economic development.
Highlights
The Inevitable consequence of urbanization, the squatter, a kind of slum, can be seen all over the developing countries such as Myanmar
This paper argues that the participatory approach is the most effective practice in the developing countries, the community-led housing scheme is doubtful for success in Yangon context
Policy makers should consider all alternative countermeasures which are applicable to Yangon context such as site and services scheme, on-site slum upgrading, rental housing either public or private sector which should be polished up with the fundamentals from Latin American and Caribbean Region (LAC) region experiences
Summary
The Inevitable consequence of urbanization, the squatter, a kind of slum, can be seen all over the developing countries such as Myanmar Under the transition era of Myanmar, squatter formation in Yangon which is a noticeable urban agenda and nearly half million of squatter population is currently registered. It is the fourth remarkable squatter formation, and the most tremendous formation which can be compared about 200 thousands population as second squatter formation in 1950s and about 250 thousands population as third squatter formation in 1980s
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