Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of therapeutic importance in the fields of regenerative medicine and immunological diseases. Accordingly, studies evaluating MSCs for clinical applications are increasing. In this study, we characterized MSCs from the periodontal ligament, umbilical cord (UC-MSCs), and adipose tissue, which were relatively easy to obtain with limited ethical concerns regarding their acquisition, and compared their immunological characteristics. Among MSCs isolated from the three different tissues, UC-MSCs grew the fastest in vitro. The three types of MSCs were shown to inhibit proliferation of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to a similar degree, via the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways. They were also shown to inhibit the proliferation of PBMCs using HLA-G, which was most prominent in UC-MSCs. Unlike the other two types of MSCs, UC-MSCs showed minimal expression of HLA-DR after activation, suggesting that they pose minimal risk of initiating an allogeneic immune response when administered in vivo. These characteristics, the ease of collection, and the minimal ethical concerns regarding their use suggest UC-MSCs to be suitable MSC therapeutic candidates.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of adult stem cells found in most tissues that are characterized by their multipotency and self-renewal capacity
The MSCs used in this study were collected from three different tissues, including the umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and periodontal ligament
The digested samples were passed through a 70 μm strainer (Falcon®, Corning, NY, USA) to obtain single cells, which were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 in α-MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco), 2 mM L-glutamine (Gibco), U/mL penicillin (Gibco), and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Gibco)
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of adult stem cells found in most tissues that are characterized by their multipotency and self-renewal capacity. MSCs suppress the proliferation of activated T cells by secreting substances, such as indoleamine. (reviewed in [7]), as well as inhibiting programmed deathligand 1 (PD-L1) [8]. They suppress the development of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and stimulate regulatory T cells by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [7]. Owing to their immunomodulatory roles, MSCs have been explored as potential therapeutic agents for chronic inflammatory and immune diseases [9]
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