Abstract
Simple SummaryIn contrast to humans, general anesthesia is required for both surgical procedures and diagnostic imaging like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in small animals. Because the post-anesthetic period is a particularly high risk time for death, serial monitoring of biochemical and hematological parameters could be required. Blood samples could be collected from an indwelling arterial catheter to avoid stress caused by venipuncture, but studies using arterial blood for hematological and biochemical testing have been limited. The aim of this study is to compare hematological and biochemical results derived from venous and arterial blood samples, and to evaluate their clinical interchangeability in post-anesthetic dogs. We found statistically significant but clinically irrelevant differences in hemoglobin, glucose, creatinine, and calcium levels, and results from venous and arterial blood samples are not clinically interchangeable for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and potassium levels.Collecting blood from an indwelling arterial catheter may reduce stress from repeated venipuncture in patients requiring serial monitoring, but the use of arterial blood for hematological and biochemical testing remains understudied. Here, we compared hematological and biochemical results of arterial and venous blood and evaluated their clinical interchangeability. Blood samples from dogs who had recovered from anesthesia, collected by both arterial catheterization and venipuncture, were analyzed. To assess clinical acceptance between paired samples, the limit of agreement between the values derived from the arterial and venous blood samples was compared with the allowable total error (TEa) recommended for each parameter. We found no significant differences between the arterial and venous sample results for red/white blood cell and platelet counts and hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, phosphate, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels, whereas hemoglobin, glucose, creatinine, and calcium levels differed significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, only gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and potassium exceeded the recommended TEa. Hematological and biochemical results derived from venous and arterial blood samples are clinically interchangeable in post-anesthetic dogs, with the exception of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and potassium; thus, these values should be used with caution.
Highlights
IntroductionLaboratory test results may be affected by several factors other than disease, such as experimental procedures, sampling technique, body posture, circadian variation, diet, stress, improper handling and Animals 2020, 10, 2069; doi:10.3390/ani10112069 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals
Laboratory test results may be affected by several factors other than disease, such as experimental procedures, sampling technique, body posture, circadian variation, diet, stress, improper handling and Animals 2020, 10, 2069; doi:10.3390/ani10112069 www.mdpi.com/journal/animalsAnimals 2020, 10, 2069 storage, and analytical imprecision and inaccuracy [1,2]
Palsgaard-Van Lue et al [13], who used the same set of blood sampling sites as ours to compare arteriovenous hematology in dogs, reported that white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin, red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit, and platelet count were significantly lower in arterial than in venous blood
Summary
Laboratory test results may be affected by several factors other than disease, such as experimental procedures, sampling technique, body posture, circadian variation, diet, stress, improper handling and Animals 2020, 10, 2069; doi:10.3390/ani10112069 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals. Animals 2020, 10, 2069 storage, and analytical imprecision and inaccuracy [1,2]. Blood samples are commonly collected from easy-to-access veins (i.e., the jugular and cephalic veins), and reference ranges for various analyses have been established based on the results of venous blood samples [2,5,6]. In small animals [7]. Peri-anesthetic complications such as hypoventilation, hypotension, and arrhythmia can occur depending on the patient’s underlying disease, age, breed, and type of procedure [8,9]. Various parameters have been evaluated to identify such complications during anesthesia; in particular, arterial catheterization (A-line) is often performed on patients for the accurate monitoring of blood pressure, respiratory function, and acid/base status [8,10]
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