Comparison of glutamate metabolism in low K (LK), high K and high glutathione (HK/HG) and high K and low glutathione (HK/LG) dog red blood cells

Abstract

The reasons for the high accumulation of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp) and glutamine (Gin) in high K and high glutathione (HK/HG) dog red blood cells (DRBCs) have been explained as due to enhanced Glu/Asp influxes. However, in our study, Glu/Asp influxes in high K and low glutathione (HK/LG) DRBCs were low, whereas their cellular Asp and Gin contents were high. In low K (LK) DRBCs, there were also other variant cells with high Asp accumulation, but extremely low Glu/Asp influxes. So, the high amino acid accumulation in DRBCs of these new variants might not be due to Glu/Asp influxes. To examine the high accumulation of these amino acids in these variant DRBCs, first, LK and HK/LG DRBCs were classified into two subgroups with their Na-dependent Glu/Asp influxes; one had clear Na-dependent Glu/Asp transport (GAT+), and the other failed to have any transport (GAT−). The influxes of both Glu and Asp in HK/HG DRBCs were the highest, and the order was HK/HG>LK/GAT+>HK/LG/GAT+>>LK/GAT−=HK/LG/GAT−. LK/GAT+ cells represented normal DRBCs. Glu/Asp influxes were only trace in both LK/GAT− and HK/LG/GAT− cells, but Glu and Asp concentration was high in HK/LG/GAT− cells whereas Asp concentration was high in LK/GAT− cells. In HK/HG cells, the conversion of Glu into Gin in whole cells was several fold higher than in the other cell groups due to the differing amount of the substrate of glutamine synthetase, Glu, but glutamine synthetase activity itself was not different among these cell groups. Furthermore, glutamine synthetase and glutaminase activities were not different among the cell groups. Therefore, these enzymes were not involved in the high amino acid accumulation.