Comparison of fasting and post prandial lipid profile in patients of IHD

Abstract

Background: Despite recent advancements in medical services and treatment regimens, ischemic heart disease (IHD) is still the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. While hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are considered separate risk factors, most recent research in this area have focused at fasting lipids and lipoproteins. Aims and Objectives: To compare the fasting and post prandial lipid profile in patients of IHD.Materials and Method: Upon receiving informed consent, 50 patients with IHD who were reporting to the Department of Medicine were enrolled in the current study. A previous history of myocardial infarction, ECG data, echocardiography, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, or a coronary angiogram is used to diagnose CHD. For at least six months prior to the study, all of these patients had been free of some clinical incident. Both of the enrolled patients were given a thorough clinical review, with the results being entered into a prestructured proforma. After a twelve-hour overnight fast and two hours after a mixed diet, each subject's venous blood was obtained aseptically. Fasting samples and postprandial (PP) samples were analyzed for lipid profile and blood sugar; blood sugar was measured in 2 hour PP samples and lipids in 4 hour PP samples. Results: Tobacco chewing (30%) was the most common risk factor observed followed by smoking and hypertension (20%). It was observed that mean fasting sugar level of the study subjects was 85.40±21.25mg/dl while post prandial sugar level was 112.60±24.50mg/dl. It was observed that mean fasting triglycerides was 210.02±63.9mg/dl and mean post prandial triglycerides 275.65±48.0mg/dl and the difference was statistically significant. Fall in post prandial total cholesterol (229.72±53.9mg/dl) was observed as compared to fasting level (245.87±64.5mg/dl) but the difference observed was not statistically significant. Mean fasting HDL was 42.71±4.9mg/dl while mean post prandial HDL was 40.65±3.6mg/dl. It was seen that mean fasting LDL was 156.45±23.9mg/dl and mean post prandial LDL was 145.76±31.5mg/dl. It was observed that post prandial VLDL levels (41.76±28.55) were raised as compared to fasting VLDL levels (37.90±17.6) but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Except for TG, which was statistically significant higher post-prandially, there was no significant clinical disparity between fasting and nonfasting levels of total cholesterol, HDL, or LDL.