Abstract
Kahweol and cafestol, diterpenes from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee, present known effects on human health such as anticarcinogenic and hipercholesterolemic activities. There are discrepancies regarding the levels reported for these compounds in roasted coffee, probably due to the extraction processes. Therefore, four sample preparation methods were studied: direct hot saponification (DHS), direct cold saponification (DCS); and Bligh and Dyer (BD) or Soxhlet (SO) extraction followed by saponification. The levels of diterpenes and their dehydro derivatives obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and the chromatographic profiles of roasted coffee, obtained by these four methods, were compared. DHS was more efficient for extraction, showing better separation of chromatographic peaks and levels of 930.2 (± 36.8), 113.2 (± 4.7), 568.6 (± 16.6) and 87.1 (± 3.7) mg 100 g-1 for kahweol, dehydrokahweol, cafestol and dehydrocafestol, respectively. The DHS extract presented a diterpene content (kahweol and cafestol) 15% superior to that of DCS and up to 88% superior than using SO and BD methods.
Highlights
Diterpenes are a group of compounds present in the unsaponifiable matter of the lipid content of coffee, where kahweol and cafestol, two pentacyclic alcohols, are their main representatives
Direct cold saponification (DCS) This method was based on the direct hot saponification (DHS) extraction conditions used by Bandeira et al.[27] and Mariutti, Nogueira and Bragagnolo.[28]
11.1 c aDirect hot saponification (DHS), direct cold saponification (DCS), extraction through soxhlet with hot saponification (SO) and extraction through Bligh and Dyer with hot saponification (BD); bMean concentration of 5 repetition of extraction
Summary
Diterpenes are a group of compounds present in the unsaponifiable matter of the lipid content of coffee, where kahweol and cafestol, two pentacyclic alcohols, are their main representatives. Some methodologies describe the use of preliminary extraction of lipids as a first step, before saponification,[16,17,18,19,20,21] while others suggest direct saponification without pre-extraction.[1,22,23,24,25] Direct saponification, either cold (DCS) or hot (DHS), has been described as the most rapid and efficient alternative for extracting unsaponifiable compounds in different food matrices because it avoids the formation of artifacts[26] and is considerably faster and demands lower amounts of solvent.[27,28]. The efficiency and the advantages of each procedure were compared
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call