Comparison of Endothelial Cell Loss following the Big Bubble versus the Microbubble Incision Technique during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Eyes with Keratoconus

Abstract

Introduction. Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is now becoming an increasingly popular surgical technique in treating corneal stromal pathologies with healthy endothelium. Several advantages of DALK over penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) have been described such as maintenance of globe integrity, absence of endothelial rejection, and a low rate of chronic endothelial cell loss (ECL). ECL following PKP results in 50% cell loss after 2 years from the estimated graft endothelial cell density (ECD). Although there are several reports confirming that ECL following DALK is similar to the physiologic cell loss 2 years after surgery, few reports discussed the surgically induced ECL due to difficulty in preoperative imaging of ECD. Materials and Methods. This prospective, interventional study included 20 eyes of 20 patients, who underwent DALK surgery. 11 eyes underwent DALK using the big bubble technique, while 9 eyes underwent the microbubble technique. Postoperative evaluation was done 3 months after surgery and included best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), keratometric readings, and refraction measured using an autokeratorefractometer (Topcon KR800, Japan) and endothelial cell density (ECD) using noncontact specular microscopy (Nidek CEM-530, Japan). Results. Regarding postoperative parameters such as postoperative logMAR visual acuity, postoperative mean K, and postoperative K max, there was no statistical difference found between both groups ( P = 0.754 , P = 0.119 , and P = 0.970 , respectively). Regarding change in specular endothelial cell density and percent change in the specular endothelial cell density, again there was no statistical difference between both groups with P = 0.057 and P = 0.126 , respectively (significance defined as P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. ECD is not affected by failure of the big bubble to form and continuing DALK via the microbubble technique.