Abstract
This article presents the comparative evaluation of microstructural features and mechanical properties of electron beam welded (high energy density fusion welding) and friction stir welded (FSW) (solid-state welding) 409 M grade ferritic stainless steel joints. Optical microscopy, microhardness testing, transverse tensile, and impact tests were performed. The coarser ferrite grains in the base material are changed to finer grains consisting duplex structure of ferrite and martensite due to the rapid cooling rate and high strain induced by severe plastic deformation caused by frictional stirring. On the other hand, columnar dendritic grain structure of alpha ferrite with grain boundary martensite was observed in fusion zone of electron beam welded (EBW) joints. Tensile testing indicates overmatching of the weld metal relative to the base metal irrespective of the welding processes used. The EBW joint exhibited superior impact toughness compared to the base metal and FSW joint.
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