Abstract
Three all-electrical detection techniques—differential resistance (dV/dI), rf/microwave transmission, and spin rectification measurements—were used to measure the magnetic response of individual patterned Permalloy structures. The investigated techniques enable the identification of distinctive magnetization states, such as vortex nucleation and excitation, domain wall motion, ferromagnetic resonance, and spin wave excitations both in the quasistatic and dynamic regimes. The techniques differ in signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to the different types of magnetization responses studied here, suggesting that the use of multiple techniques can significantly improve the understanding of magnetically complex structures.
Published Version
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