Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the bone-regeneration capacity of porcine-derived xenografts to bovine-derived xenografts in the rat calvarial defect model. The observation of surface morphology and in vitro cell studies were conducted prior to the animal study. Defects with a diameter of 8 mm were created in calvaria of 20 rats. The rats were randomly treated with porcine-derived (Bone-XP group) or bovine-derived xenografts (Bio-Oss group) and sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The new bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometric analyses. In the cell study, the extracts of Bone-XP and Bio-Oss showed a positive effect on the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without cytotoxicity. The new bone volume of Bone-XP (17.52 ± 3.78% at 4 weeks and 32.09 ± 3.51% at 8 weeks) was similar to that of Bio-Oss (11.6 ± 3.88% at 4 weeks and 25.89 ± 7.43% at 8 weeks) (p > 0.05). In the results of new bone area, there was no significant difference between Bone-XP (9.08 ± 5.47% at 4 weeks and 25.22 ± 13.56% at 8 weeks) and Bio-Oss groups (5.83 ± 2.56% at 4 weeks and 21.68 ± 11.11% at 8 weeks) (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the porcine-derived bone substitute may offer a favorable cell response and bone regeneration similar to those of commercial bovine bone mineral.
Highlights
An insufficient alveolar bone volume can produce the problems of implant insertion and prognosis, bone graft materials have been commonly used to reconstruct the osseous defects in the implant and periodontic surgeries
Bone-XP used the in residual our study is acomponents, heat-treated mineralized porcine bone, thermal-treatment high temperature
To determine the mechanism of osteogenic induction by the investigated extracts, we examined the related gene expressions by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Summary
An insufficient alveolar bone volume can produce the problems of implant insertion and prognosis, bone graft materials have been commonly used to reconstruct the osseous defects in the implant and periodontic surgeries. Numerous bone substitutes have been developed and introduced using autogenous bone, allografts, synthetic bone, and xenografts [2,3]. Autogenous bone has been considered a gold standard for bone regeneration from biological and histological vantage points [4]. Xenogeneic bone substitutes derived from bones of other species a have sufficient osteoconductivity and biocompatibility and have generally been used in the dental field [7]. Unlike autogenous bone, xenografts circumvent a second operative site and have no limit in terms of the available bone amount [1,8]
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