Abstract
Exploiting plant extracts to form metallic nanoparticles has been becoming the promising alternative routes of chemical and physical methods owing to environmentally friendly and abundantly renewable resources. In this study, Momordica charantia and Psidium guajava leaf extract (MC.broth and PG.broth) are exploited to fabricate two kinds of biogenic silver nanoparticles (MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs). Phytoconstituent screening is performed to identify the categories of natural compounds in MC.broth and PG.broth. Both extracts contain wealthy polyphenols which play a role of reducing agent to turn silver (I) ions into silver nuclei. Trace alkaloids, rich saponins and other oxygen-containing compounds creating the organic corona surrounding nanoparticles act as stabilizing agents. MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs are characterized by UV-vis and FTIR spectrophotometry, EDS and TEM techniques. FTIR spectra indicate the presence of O-H, C = O, C-O-C and C = C groups on the surface of silver nanoparticles which is corresponded with three elements of C, O and Ag found in EDS analysis. TEM micrographs show the spherical morphology of MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs. MC.AgNPs were 17.0 nm distributed in narrow range of 5–29 nm, while the average size of PG.AgNPs were 25.7 nm in the range of 5–53 nm. Further, MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs exhibit their effectively inhibitory ability against A. niger, A. flavus and F. oxysporum as dose-dependence. Altogether, MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs will have much potential in scaled up production and become the promising fungicides for agricultural applications.
Highlights
The development of nanotechnology has designed various nanoparticles with multi-function for many applications such as photovoltaic devices, catalysts, sensors and biomedical/pharmaceutical/antimicrobial products [1]
Biogenic silver nanoparticles formed by M. charantia and P. guajava leaf extract of their unique characteristics including surface plasmon resonance, thermo-optical properties and inherently antimicrobial capacity [2]
Very small amount of redbrown precipitation was observed in MC.broth, but not occurred in PG.broth (Fig 2A) that confirm the trace alkaloids in MC.broth
Summary
The development of nanotechnology has designed various nanoparticles with multi-function for many applications such as photovoltaic devices, catalysts, sensors and biomedical/pharmaceutical/antimicrobial products [1]. Among green methods, using plant extracts to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much attention because of fast procedure, simplicity and feasibility of scaling-up production. To obtain the improved AgNPs with the desired and controllable properties, a myriad of tropical/herbal plants could be studied [7]. By exploiting this route, the biogenic AgNPs were able to be formed within the range less than 100 nm. The biogenic AgNPs were able to be formed within the range less than 100 nm These sizes facilitate AgNPs to go through the bacteria/fungi walls and damage membranes as well as to release Ag+ to disturb some mechanisms in cells [7, 8]. Phytochemicals could stabilize AgNPs and act as an effective molecules in antimicrobial activities [7]
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