Comparison of binary, ternary and quaternary shape memory alloys and techniques to enhance their mechanical properties: A focused review

Abstract

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are smart materials having an ability to remember the original shape when deformed at the temperatures below martensite finish (Mf), which can be recovered up to certain extent by heating these alloys to temperatures above austenite finish (Af). SMAs find wide applicability in engineering sectors including automotive, aerospace, and biomedical. Prior to fabrication of any sensors and actuators using SMA, it is recommended to have an extensive simulation study that requires material properties as a prime input to the software. Scattered literature on SMA’s material properties make this challenging for new researchers. This paper presents a review of binary, ternary and quaternary alloys exhibit shape memory effect and their comparison in terms of transformation temperatures and mechanical properties. It also comments on effects in their properties due to addition of ternary and quaternary elements. Impact of thermomechanical treatments to enhance the mechanical properties and shape recovery characteristics of SMAs is reviewed. The study concludes with signifying the use of processing techniques in enhancing mechanical properties of SMAs for their utilization in possible sensing applications.