Abstract
High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the relative effectiveness of acid- and non-acid-based surface preparations of Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) single crystals. ARPES measurements show that boiling STO in deionized water produces surfaces of similar quality to those etched with buffered HF (Kawasaki method), or HCl/HNO3 (Arkansas method). XPS measurements indicate this water-based surface preparation is more effective than acid-based methods at removing SrOx crystallites and leaving the surface TiO2-terminated.
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