Abstract
This study aimed to compare bone healing and implant stability for three types of dental implants: a threaded implant, a three-dimensional (3D)-printed implant without spikes, and a 3D-printed implant with spikes. In four beagle dogs, left and right mandibular premolars (2nd, 3rd, and 4th) and 1st molars were removed. Twelve weeks later, three types of titanium implants (threaded implant, 3D-printed implant without spikes, and 3D-printed implant with spikes) were randomly inserted into the edentulous ridges of each dog. Implant stability measurements and radiographic recordings were taken every two weeks following implant placement. Twelve weeks after implant surgery, the dogs were sacrificed and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupied (BAFO) were compared between groups. At implant surgery, the primary stability was lower for the 3D-printed implant with spikes (74.05 ± 5.61) than for the threaded implant (83.71 ± 2.90) (p = 0.005). Afterwards, no significant difference in implants’ stability was observed between groups up to post-surgery week 12. Histomorphometrical analysis did not reveal a significant difference between the three implants for BIC (p = 0.101) or BAFO (p = 0.288). Within the limits of this study, 3D-printed implants without spikes and threaded implants showed comparable implant stability measurements, BIC, and BAFO.
Highlights
Various types of dental implants have been developed to replace edentulous areas
The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Seoul National University (IACUC No SNU-190226-4), and the study was conducted in compliance with guidelines of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Seoul National University
Descriptive statisticsMeasurements are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation
Summary
Various types of dental implants have been developed to replace edentulous areas. Endosseous blade implants and disk implants designed in the 1960s disappeared from the market because of their low survival rate and the extensive bone destruction that would occur around the implant [1,2].Endosseous dental implants have been considered as the current standard shape, and the surface in contact with the bone is subjected to large shear forces under load [3].Materials 2020, 13, 4815; doi:10.3390/ma13214815 www.mdpi.com/journal/materialsThe most widely used implants on the market today are threaded implants. Endosseous blade implants and disk implants designed in the 1960s disappeared from the market because of their low survival rate and the extensive bone destruction that would occur around the implant [1,2]. Endosseous dental implants have been considered as the current standard shape, and the surface in contact with the bone is subjected to large shear forces under load [3]. The most widely used implants on the market today are threaded implants. Such implants are limited in design owing to the need for mass production. Titanium implants with high surface porosity and high core density may allow better load adaptation, while avoiding stress shielding and pressure-induced bone loss [6,7,8].
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