Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels within vitreous and blood serum samples of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and their relationship to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods Seventeen eyes of patients with RRD were included in the RRD group and divided into three subgroups: RRD without PVR, RRD with PVR grades A and B, and RRD with PVR grade C. Five control eyes (nucleus and intraocular lens drop) were included in this study. Blood serum and vitreous samples were collected during vitrectomy. VEGF-A and PDGF-AA levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The mean vitreous VEGF-A level in the RRD group was 131.71 ± 58.25 pg/mL, and the mean vitreous PDGF-AA level was 174.62 ± 65.17 pg/mL. Both levels were significantly higher in the RRD group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Vitreous VEGF-A and PDGF-AA levels were the highest in RRD with PVR grade C subgroup, with mean levels of 179.87 ± 21.02 pg/mL and 229.44 ± 14.09 pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). The vitreous VEGF-A/PDGF-AA ratios in the RRD subgroups were completely different. Conclusion Based on the tendency of VEGF-A and PDGF-AA levels, RRD surgery has to be performed as soon as possible prior to retinal cell death and membrane proliferative formation.
Highlights
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) induces ischemic conditions of photoreceptor, which triggers the expression of many growth factors and cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factors α and β, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, fibroblast growth factors, insulin-like growth factor-I, cytokines (interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, and interferon c), matrix metalloproteinase, and chemokine in the vitreous and subretinal fluid [1,2,3].VEGF is an angiogenic and vasopermeable factor specific to endothelial cells that are produced by various cells, such as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), ganglion cells, glial cells, smooth and pericidal muscle cells in the vessel wall, and choroidal fibroblasts
Serum VEGF-A and PDGF-AA levels were higher compared with the vitreous levels in both the RRD and control groups
Ere was critical contrast in both vitreous VEGF-A and PDGF-AA levels among all RRD subgroups (p < 0.05) (Table 4). ere was an intriguing scheme of VEGF-A levels in the vitreous sample among the RRD subgroups, where the vitreous VEGF-A level was lowest in subgroup II and increased in subgroup III, there was no huge distinction in the blood serum levels of both VEGF-A and PDGF-AA among all RRD subgroups (p ≥ 0.05)
Summary
Andi Muhammad Ichsan ,1 Dyah Ayu Windy, Habibah Setyawati Muhiddin ,1 Budu ,1 Muhammad Nasrum Massi, and Itzar Chaidir Islam 1. Is study aimed to assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels within vitreous and blood serum samples of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and their relationship to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). E mean vitreous VEGF-A level in the RRD group was 131.71 ± 58.25 pg/mL, and the mean vitreous PDGF-AA level was 174.62 ± 65.17 pg/mL. Vitreous VEGF-A and PDGF-AA levels were the highest in RRD with PVR grade C subgroup, with mean levels of 179.87 ± 21.02 pg/mL and 229.44 ± 14.09 pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Based on the tendency of VEGF-A and PDGF-AA levels, RRD surgery has to be performed as soon as possible prior to retinal cell death and membrane proliferative formation
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