Comparing the Effectiveness of Whole Body Vibration and Local Vibration Exercise on Counter-Movement Jump Performance and Its Residual Characteristics in Well-Trained Athletes

İlbilge Özsu,Cem Kurt,Ekim Pekünlü,İsa Sağiroğlu

doi:10.18826/useeabd.293332

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of whole body vibration (WBV) and local vibration (LV) exercise on counter- movement jump performance (CMJ) and its residual characteristics in well-trained athletes. Material and Methods: Thirty-two male athletes (age: 22.3±3.2 years) visited the laboratory twice, 48 hours apart, and performed WBV and LV in two sessions of equal duration. Each test day had two parts (sham [0 Hz, 0 mm] and vibration treatment [50 Hz, 4 mm]), 20 min apart. LV or WBV were applied for 6×15 sec with 1 min passive rest between repetitions. During the LV, participants were asked to lie supine (2×15 sec) and then lie laterally (2×2×15 sec) such that the quadriceps muscles connected to the WBV device. WBV was applied in the squatting position at 135o knee angle. After each session, the participants were tested for CMJ for 8 min at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th,6th, and 8th min. Results: The results of two-factor repeated measures ANOVA test revealed that both WBV (p = 0.27; np2 = 0.04) and LV (p = 0.57; np2 = 0.03) and their sham conditions decreased CMJ height to a similar extent. Further, there was no statistically significant difference between WBV and LV at any measurement time point (p>0.05). Conclusion: WBV and LV were not effective methods to enhance the CMJ performance of well-trained athletes. However, WBV platform can be safely used as LV exercise equipment since no adverse effect was observed.

Highlights

Vibration devices generate mechanical oscillation, which may affect the muscle spindles and Ia afferents, causing changes in the length of extrafusal fibers of muscles. This response to vibration resulting in the activation of an afferent feedback mechanism is known as tonic vibration reflex (TVR) (Hagbarth et al, 1996; Cardinale et al, 2003).The stimulus generated by the mechanical vibration causes a high level of stress on the musculoskeletal system (Abercromby et al, 2007; Roelants et al, 2006; Marin et al, 2009), and the level of stress determines the training load, which consists of frequency, amplitude, acceleration, and duration of vibration on the musculoskeletal system (Cardinale et al, 2008; Rittweger, 2010).some anatomical structures such as soft tissues, bones, and body fluids absorb some vibration load during Whole Body Vibration (WBV), and affect the amount of vibration load transmitted to the muscles (Cochrane, 2011)
Results of 2 × 7 Two Factor (Treatment [Vibration, Control] × Time [Pre-test, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8. min]) Repeated Measures ANOVAs showed that change pattern in counter-movement jump performance (CMJ) height across time for both WBV (p = 0.27; np2 = 0.04) and local vibration (LV) (p = 0.57; np2 = 0.03) were similar to control treatment. These findings indicated that WBV and LV had no significant extra effect on CMJ height when compared to effects of control treatments
These similar change patterns indicated that reductions in CMJ heights in WBV and LV sessions were resulted from isometric body postures during the treatments

Summary

Introduction

Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a common exercise modality, used in fitness and health centers to increase muscle strength (Delecluse et al, 2003; Petit et al, 2010; Bosco et al, 1998; Mahieu et al, 2006; Giorgos et al, 2007; Savelberg et al, 2007; Luo et al, 2005), power (Luo et al, 2005; Adams et al, 2009), and flexibility (Fagnani et al, 2006; Dallas et al, 2012; Behm et al, 2011; Siegmund et al, 2014; Samson et al, 2012; Dadebo et al, 2004) in healthy humans. Vibration devices generate mechanical oscillation, which may affect the muscle spindles and Ia afferents, causing changes in the length of extrafusal fibers of muscles This response to vibration resulting in the activation of an afferent feedback mechanism is known as tonic vibration reflex (TVR) (Hagbarth et al, 1996; Cardinale et al, 2003).The stimulus generated by the mechanical vibration causes a high level of stress on the musculoskeletal system (Abercromby et al, 2007; Roelants et al, 2006; Marin et al, 2009), and the level of stress determines the training load, which consists of frequency, amplitude, acceleration, and duration of vibration on the musculoskeletal system (Cardinale et al, 2008; Rittweger, 2010).some anatomical structures such as soft tissues, bones, and body fluids absorb some vibration load during WBV, and affect the amount of vibration load transmitted to the muscles (Cochrane, 2011). Author: Contributions to the conception or design of the paper and final approval of the version to be published paper. *This paper was presented at 14th International Sport Sciences Congress, 01-04 November 2016, Antalya-Turkey 1Coaching Education Department, Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Uşak University, Uşak-

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