Abstract
The family of lead halide perovskites has revolutionized the field of solution-processed photovoltaics; however, the parent member of this family, CH3NH3PbI3, is known to be unstable in the presence of water vapor. It degrades through a series of discrete hydrate phases (CH3NH3PbI3·H2O and (CH3NH3)4PbI6·2H2O), eventually forming PbI2 after long exposures. While this decomposition process has limited the commercial utility of perovskite-based devices, recent studies have suggested that the electron-transport layer can have a pronounced effect on device longevity. In this work, we combine in situ absorbance spectroscopy and in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements to quantitatively investigate how the choice of metal oxide support (planar TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, or mesoporous Al2O3) affects the stability of the perovskite film in the presence of moisture. We demonstrate that the monohydrate phase forms rapidly when methylammonium lead iodide is deposited on a compact TiO2 layer, but...
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