Abstract
This paper investigates cost-optimal operation of flexible electricity assets with a capacity-based power grid tariff involving power subscription. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of a subscribed capacity-based tariff that promotes efficient network development through demand response. Using historical load data, we compare two consumers with flexible assets being billed by their individual load versus their combined and coordinated loads in a two-stage stochastic program. The frequency of adjusting the subscribed capacity level (weekly versus annually) influences the effectiveness of the tariff in terms of reducing loads that dimension the grid. The results show that weekly subscription on average provides 5−6% cost savings, while annual subscription on average provides 3% cost savings. A combined annual peak load reduction of 15% occurs when the combined subscription level is adjusted weekly. We also find that when the subscription level is adjusted weekly, the load reduction is cost efficient even when capacity is not scarce, which ought to be avoided. Depending on where a bottleneck in the grid is located, the price signal should be based on the combined load of several consumers rather than individual loads if combined peak load shaving is to be cost-optimal.
Highlights
Successful mitigation of climate change will require decarbonization of the energy sector, increased production from variable renewable energy sources (RES), and electrification
Recall that the modified load profile is a result of the model responding to the different schemes by (a) finding the cost minimizing subscribed capacity level and (b) operating the flexible assets to minimize the total electricity bill including variable energy costs and grid costs
The grid savings only dominate the savings for eight weeks for the Individual Annual (IA) scheme and six weeks for the Combined Annual (CA) scheme, indicating that responding to retail prices is more valuable than responding to the grid tariff for the annual subscriptions
Summary
Successful mitigation of climate change will require decarbonization of the energy sector, increased production from variable renewable energy sources (RES), and electrification. Several of these measures are likely to be decentralized and require crosssectoral thinking [1]. Flexibility in power systems relates to the ability to deal with variability in supply and demand. The location dimension describes how the service from an asset can be provided in geographical locations, e.g. individual unit (building), neighborhood, country, and crossborder. The type of resource dimension describes the type of asset in the following classes: supplyside, demand-side, grid-side, and storage [17]
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