Abstract
Brassica campestris L., a hyperaccumulator of cadmium (Cd), is considered a candidate plant for efficient phytoremediation. The hairy roots of Brassica campestris L are chosen here as a model plant system to investigate the response mechanism of Brassica campestris L. to Cd stress. High-throughput sequencing technology is used to identify genes related to Cd tolerance. A total of 2394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified by RNA-Seq analysis, among which 1564 genes are up-regulated, and 830 genes are down-regulated. Data from the gene ontology (GO) analysis indicate that DEGs are mainly involved in metabolic processes. Glutathione metabolism, in which glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are closely related to Cd stress, is identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A Western blot shows that glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are involved in Cd tolerance. These results provide a preliminary understanding of the Cd tolerance mechanism of Brassica campestris L. and are, hence, of particular importance to the future development of an efficient phytoremediation process based on hairy root cultures, genetic modification, and the subsequent regeneration of the whole plant.
Highlights
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic and most common heavy metals, causing serious pollution to farmland and active transfer in soil-plant systems [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
2364 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were discovered under Cd stress in the hairy roots of Brassica campestris L. based on RNA-Seq analysis
These genes were mainly involved in transcription-related processes, defense, stress responses, and transport processes in the response of Brassica campestris L. to Cd stress
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic and most common heavy metals, causing serious pollution to farmland and active transfer in soil-plant systems [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Hairy roots, which possess all the morphological and physiological characteristics of normal roots and allow indefinite propagation, have been proven as a convenient experimental tool for investigating the interactions between plant cells and metal ions [22,23,24,25]. Further genetic modification via the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes is quite straightforward for the introduction of enhanced Cd accumulation traits [23]. Given these attractive characteristics of the hairy root culture process, it has been chosen as a model plant system to investigate the Cd tolerance of hyperaccumulating plants in this work
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