Abstract
Interest in renewable energy production and in reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels has made anaerobic digestion of organic wastes an attractive option for alternate means of producing biogas (methane). In this present work, investigation was carried out on the unused energy present in cooked left-over waste rice as food waste and the amount of methane produced compared to cow dung and co-substrate used as feed stocks. The experiments were conducted batch wisely at mesophilic temperature with the varying percentage total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) calculated. It was observed that the volume of methane produced increased with increasing percentage total solid and percentage volatile solid during the 20 day HRT digestion period. The optimum quantity of methane gas produced was 57,306 ml at the highest 92.1% VS and 12.1% TS from food waste (oryza sativa), followed by the co-substrate 12,190 ml and cow dung 9802 ml. The high nutritional content and calorific value present in kitchen food waste contributed to its overall yield within the shortest time interval which indicates a rapid rise through the exponential phase of microbial growth rate. Furthermore, the results obtained reveal that food waste especially cooked left-over rice should be considered as a viable feed stock for biogas production in an anaerobic digestion process.
Highlights
The increase in population and economic development has brought about an increase in the amount of waste generated and the use of energy
Production of biogas was evident from the second day in all the digesters which indicates the decomposition of organic matter present in feedstock, the measurement commenced on the third day for effective monitoring of the gas production
The rate of methane produced after scrubbing the biogas from the three substrates differs; food waste has the largest amount of 57.3 litres due to high volatile solid content of 92.1% whereas cow dung and co-substrate produced 9.8 liters and 12.2 liters respectively
Summary
The increase in population and economic development has brought about an increase in the amount of waste generated and the use of energy. This can be ascribed to the rising energy demands and concerns over greenhouse gas emissions. The production of biogas from waste organic materials will serve to close demand. Biogas is a flammable gas produced from organic materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal solid waste and industrial effluents in an anaerobic environment to produce methane, carbon (IV) oxide and hydrogen sulphide in an anaerobic digester [1] [2]. [3] [4] [5] had established that the production of biogas from food wastes and other feed stock is usually done in an aerobic digester which involves the conversion of biodegradable material through the process of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. The use of food waste for production of biogas is a better idea to eradicate the negative effect posed to the society
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