Abstract
Aramid (AF), glass (GF), carbon (CF), basalt (BF), and flax (FF) fibers in the form of fabrics were used to produce the composites by hand-lay up method. The use of fabrics of similar grammage for composites’ manufacturing allowed for a comprehensive comparison of the properties of the final products. The most important task was to prepare a complex setup of mechanical and thermomechanical properties, supplemented by fire behavior analysis, and discuss both characteristics in their application range. The mechanical properties were investigated using tensile and flexural tests, as well as impact strength measurement. The investigation was improved by assessing thermomechanical properties under dynamic deformation conditions (dynamic mechanical–thermal analysis (DMTA)). All products were subjected to a fire test carried out using a cone calorimeter (CC).
Highlights
The increasing requirements imposed on construction materials by the automotive, aviation, and civil engineering industries make it necessary to introduce new material solutions with high strength and, at the same time, significantly lower density than the metal materials used so far [1]
The most widely used as high-performance materials are fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), those based on thermoset polymers such as polyester and epoxy resins [2,3]
The chemical structure of used fibers and epoxy composites reinforced with various fillers were assessed by the Fourier transform transform infrared infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy (FTIR) method
Summary
The increasing requirements imposed on construction materials by the automotive, aviation, and civil engineering industries make it necessary to introduce new material solutions with high strength and, at the same time, significantly lower density than the metal materials used so far [1]. The popularity of the thermoset composites in the form of laminates reinforced with long fibers is due to the possibility of producing high mechanical performance products without the necessity of expensive technological equipment use. When selecting the appropriate reinforcement fibers, the fibers themselves’ strength properties should be taken into account, and additional technological aspects, including wettability by the selected thermoset resins, thermal resistance, and density. All these features contribute to the product’s final properties and the choice of the manufacturing technique. Even if the price criteria are still crucial at the stage of project and manufacturing on the large-scale, more attention has been paid to the sustainability of individual components that make up the final carbon and water footprint of a product [8,9]
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