Abstract
Objectives: To compare the services and technologies of automatic train ticketing systems. Methods: The Internet of Things (IoT), Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID), Quick Response Code (QR Code) and Near Field Communication (NFC) are used for automatic ticketing in the trains as well as in buses. A comparison of different machines is also done that are used for tickets-generation, ticket checking, punching machines like QR scanner, BT Services, RFID. Findings: Results are compared with manually checking (by the person) for the validity of the ticket. After the comparison of different technologies and services to find the advantages and disadvantages of each in terms of time and cost, a new method/ technology is introduced for local train ticketing system that is better and more robust than previously used technologies and services. Keywords: Automatic Train Ticketing System (ATTS); RFID train system; NFC train system; QR train system; Tickets Generation Machines (TGM); Tickets Punching Machines (TPM); Near Filed Communication (NFC); Automatic Tickets Checking Method (ATCM)
Highlights
The automatic train ticketing, generation, and verification are important technological outcome to provide better service in local railways (Pakistan railway)
Multiple services like wireless services are used for the automatic train ticketing generation and verification system, i.e. Bluetooth service, Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) service, Quick Response Code (QR Code) service and Web-based (1)
Technologies applied in the automatic train ticketing system (ATTS) are using Tickets Generation Machines (TGM) to generate tickets, tickets are verified by using ticket checking and punching machines, and train ticket distances are measured by using various features
Summary
The automatic train ticketing, generation, and verification are important technological outcome to provide better service in local railways (Pakistan railway). In ATTS, tickets are automatically generated by the machines and verified by the checking and punching machines which are used to measure the distance of the tickets (1). These features and technologies are used in trains, buses and underground. The ticket was generated and checked by machines but distance measuring is very difficult, whereas in BTS when passenger connects his/her Bluetooth, distance is measured automatically using the map. In QR code, distance is measured using the ticket When passengers buy their ticket to generate QR they must select the source and the destination (7,8)
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