Abstract
This work aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in adult maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) leaves from different stages of development and seasons of the year and compare them with leaves obtained from maqui plants grown in vitro. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of maqui leaf extracts by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn showed the presence of different polyphenolic compounds classified into galloyl and caffeoyl quinic acids, ellagitannins and ellagic acid- and flavonoid-derivatives. In general, the total phenolic content of the in vitro samples was higher than that of ex vitro samples, whereas the total flavonoid content was higher in winter basal leaves. Additionally, the analysis by HPLC-MS showed that the extract from spring basal leaves was enriched in quercetin, catechin, kaempferol and 3-caffeoyl quinic acids, while in the in vitro leaves extract, quercetin was not present. As regards lipophilic compounds identified by GC/MS, the samples of in vitro leaves showed a high presence of α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol. In contrast, the samples of adult leaves presented a hight level of linolenic and linoleic acids. These results suggest that maqui leaves could be an excellent source of antioxidants and lipophilic compounds for many industries, such as the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
Aristotelia chilensis is a perennial non-wood forest species belonging to the Elaeocarpaceae family
As regards lipophilic compounds identified by GC/MS, the samples of in vitro leaves showed a high presence of α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol
The HPLC-DAD-ESI (Ion Trap)-MSn analysis showed the presence of different phenolic compounds in both apical and basal adult (20 compounds), and in vitro maqui leaves (16 compounds)
Summary
Aristotelia chilensis is a perennial non-wood forest species belonging to the Elaeocarpaceae family. A. chilensis, known as maqui, has been recognized for its beneficial effects on human health due to its antioxidant [2], anti-tumoral [3,4], cardioprotective [5], anti-inflammatory [6,7], anti-hemolytic [8] and anti-diabetics properties [9], as well as for its antiplatelet effect [10] These biological activities are mainly attributed to its small fruits, containing high levels of polyphenols, a wide variety of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, pro-anthocyanidins and alkaloids [11]. HHHPPPLLLCCC‐‐-DDDAAADDD‐‐-EEESSSIII(((IIIooonnnTTTrrraaappp)))‐‐-MMMSSSnnn (((222888000,,,333555000nnnmmm)))ppphhheeennnooollliiicccppprrrooofffiiillleee ooofff mmmeeettthhhaaannnooollliiiccc eeexxxtttrrraaacccttt fffrrrooommm iiinnn vvviiitttrrrooo llleeeaaavvveeesss ooff AA.. HHHPPPLLLCCC‐‐-DDDAAADDD‐‐-EEESSSIII(((IIIooonnnTTTrrraaappp)))‐‐-MMMSSSnnn (((222888000,,,333555000nnnmmm)))ppphhheeennnooollliiicccppprrrooofffiiillleee ooofff mmmeeettthhhaaannnooollliiiccc eeexxxtttrrraaacccttt fffrrrooommm eeexxx vvviiitttrrrooo bbbaaasssaaalll sssppprrriiinnnggg llleeeaaavvveeesss ooofff AAA... Ellagic Acid Derivatives Compounds 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15 showed UV spectra typical of ellagic acid derivatives (UV: 252, 305sh, 345sh, 364 nm) and their MS fragmentations; after the losses of 162 amu Plants 2022, 11, 37
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