Abstract
It has been widely speculated that the performance of the next generation based wireless network should meet a transmission speed on the order of 1000 times more than the current cellular communication systems. The frequency bands above 6 GHz have received significant attention lately as a prospective band for next generation 5G systems. The propagation characteristics for 5G networks need to be fully understood for the 5G system design. This paper presents the channel propagation characteristics for a 5G system in line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios. The diffraction loss (DL) and frequency drop (FD) are investigated based on collected measurement data. Indoor measurement results obtained using a high-resolution channel sounder equipped with directional horn antennas at 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz as a comparative study of the two bands below and above 6 GHz. The parameters for path loss using different path loss models of single and multi-frequencies have been estimated. The excess delay, root mean square (RMS) delay spread and the power delay profile of received paths are analyzed. The results of the path loss models show that the path loss exponent (PLE) in this indoor environment is less than the free space path loss exponent for LOS scenario at both frequencies. Moreover, the PLE is not frequency dependent. The 3GPP path loss models for single and multi-frequency in LOS scenarios have good performance in terms of PLE that is as reliable as the physically-based models. Based on the proposed models, the diffraction loss at 28 GHz is approximately twice the diffraction loss at 3.5 GHz. The findings of the power delay profile and RMS delay spread indicate that these parameters are comparable for frequency bands below and above 6 GHz.
Highlights
Enabling consumers to do all the things they do today with mobile devices faster and more reliably, 5G may support new ways of using those mobile devices, and completely new types of mobile devices [1,2]
It is noted that both PLEs are less than the free space path loss exponent n = 2 even though the environment is line of sight (LOS)
This implies that the test bed of measurement acts as a waveguide; the many reflected signals reach the receiver from both walls on either side, floor and ceiling are added up constructively
Summary
Enabling consumers to do all the things they do today with mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) faster and more reliably, 5G may support new ways of using those mobile devices (e.g., new applications), and completely new types of mobile devices [1,2]. As the number of mobile users increases, 5G communication networks/base stations must handle a greater amount of data and move toward considerably higher speeds than those of the base stations that make up today’s cellular networks [3,4]. Using IOT applications, the mobile users are able to monitor and control devices with high stream of real-time information. IoT based smart cities have various real-time applications which would be crucial and useful for the generation of network [10]. The application can be classified into two major group i.e., smart energy and smart transportation [5]
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