Abstract
Mongolia has the unique dietary habit having a great deal of animal products especially among rural resident.To capture the status of Mongolian gut microbiome, we characterized bacterial community of 98 healthy Mongolian adults and compared with that of adults in five Asian countries, including Korea, China, Japan, Thailand and Indonesia. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed based on genus composition of each sample. As a result, three microbiome-type cluster, the so-called “enterotype”, driven by the three taxonomic groups, Prevotella (P-type), Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium (BB-type), and Ruminococcaceae (R-type), were observed. Most of Mongolian subjects harbored P-type, which is known to strongly depend on carbohydrate-based diets. Further, the metagenomic analysis indicated that Catenibacterium and Lactobacillus were enriched in Mongolian subjects which may be concerned with intake of animal-based and dairy products-based diets, respectively. These results suggest that gut microbiome status of Mongolian people associates with the traditional unique dietary habit.
Highlights
Several hundred microbial species inhabit the human intestine where all of them compose the so-called as gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, eukarya, as well as viruses [1]
Three enterotypes are clustered by Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus, which exist over ethnicity, gender, age, as well as body mass index (BMI)
Using Principal component analysis (PCA), bacterial composition based on genus-level of all samples were decomposed into two factors (PC1 and PC2) that explained 48.5% of the variance (Fig. 2a)
Summary
Several hundred microbial species inhabit the human intestine where all of them compose the so-called as gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, eukarya, as well as viruses [1]. The gut microbiota play an important role in health and diseases of the host via co-metabolism bio-synthesizing beneficial or nonbeneficial products [2]. The enterotypes represent classification of gut microbiota, firstly introduced by Arumugam et al.[6]. Mongolian people have maintained their diet characterized by high consumption of livestock products since ancient times. Their traditional dietary habit is characterized by the distinct seasonality. Variety of dairy products, called white food “tsagaan idee”, are normally consumed during summer-to-autumn period. Meat, called red food “ulaan idee”, is normally consumed during winter-to-spring period[11]
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