Abstract
The human gut microbiota varies considerably among world populations due to a variety of factors including genetic background, diet, cultural habits and socioeconomic status. Here we characterized 110 healthy Mongolian adults gut microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared the intestinal microbiome among Mongolians, the Hans and European cohorts. The results showed that the taxonomic profile of intestinal microbiome among cohorts revealed the Actinobaceria and Bifidobacterium were the key microbes contributing to the differences among Mongolians, the Hans and Europeans at the phylum level and genus level, respectively. Metagenomic species analysis indicated that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Coprococcus comeswere enrich in Mongolian people which might contribute to gut health through anti-inflammatory properties and butyrate production, respectively. On the other hand, the enriched genus Collinsella, biomarker in symptomatic atherosclerosis patients, might be associated with the high morbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Mongolian adults. At the functional level, a unique microbial metabolic pathway profile was present in Mongolian’s gut which mainly distributed in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. We can attribute the specific signatures of Mongolian gut microbiome to their unique genotype, dietary habits and living environment.
Highlights
The gut microbiota (GM) is recognized as a human co-evolutionary partner that facilitates nutritional acquisition and immune modulation, and helps maintain host homeostasis in response to profound lifestyle changes[1,2,3]
We further explored the potential for complex carbohydrate degradation in Mongolian and the Hans gut metagenomes, we screened for carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in assembled contigs
It was reported that the Collinsella was considered as the biomarker in symptomatic atherosclerosis patients[19]
Summary
The gut microbiota (GM) is recognized as a human co-evolutionary partner that facilitates nutritional acquisition and immune modulation, and helps maintain host homeostasis in response to profound lifestyle changes[1,2,3]. Some previous research attributes the aforementioned chronic metabolic diseases to the Mongolian dietary tradition of high consumption of red meat and liquor[1]. With the development of human microbiome project and generation sequencing, great research effort has been dedicated to elucidating the relationship between intestinal microbiota and various human metabolic diseases[13,14]. We characterized 110 healthy Mongolian adults gut microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared the intestinal microbiome among Mongolians, the Hans and European cohorts. (i) The taxonomic profile of intestinal microbiome among cohorts revealed the Actinobaceria and Bifidobacterium were the key microbes contributing to the differences among Mongolians, the Hans and Europeans at the phylum level and genus level, respectively. (ii) We constructed a non-redundant microbial catalogue for Mongolian contained 1,491,813 genes, and merged present catalogue with other published healthy gut microbial catalogues of the Hans and Europeans cohorts. We can attribute the specific signatures of Mongolian gut microbiome to their unique genotype, dietary habits and living environment
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