Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Removal by Exiguobacterium sp. in Free and Immobilized Forms

Abstract

ABSTRACTCr(VI) is a toxic environmental pollutant. To determine the potential role of microbes towards chromate bioremediation, two bacterial strains, E1 and E4, that could tolerate Cr(VI) at levels up to 2250 μg ml−1 were isolated from the soil of a tannery. They were identified as Exiguobacterium sp. To estimate the removal of Cr(VI) using immobilized bacterial cells, 2% sodium alginate and 2.5% agar were used as immobilizing matrices. In the case of sodium alginate, 89% and 93% of Cr(VI) removal by E1 and E4, respectively, were observed. When agar beads were used as an immobilizing matrix, removal was recorded as 39% and 48% for E1 and E4, respectively. Removal of Cr(VI) was also estimated in sterile and nonsterile tannery effluent. More Cr(VI) removal was noted in the nonsterile effluent than in the sterile effluent. The maximum uptake of Cr(VI) of bound cells of E1 and E4 was found to be 17.54 and 20.04 μg ml−1, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of cells of E4 with Cr(VI), without Cr(VI), and immobilized cells depicted several absorption peaks, mainly for P‒OH group, C‒H bending, C‒O bond, and amide II groups, reflecting the complex nature of the bacterial cells and the contribution of these functional groups to the Cr(VI) binding process.