Comparative study of commercialized sodium-ion batteries and lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Developing new energy storage technologies is the foundation for advancing renewable energy. Among them, the development of electrochemical energy storage technology has received widespread attention. Due to its high energy density, lengthy cycle life, and environmental friendliness, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are being utilized extensively in everyday life. With a similar structure to LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are also promising for broad use in the new energy sector due to their abundant Na supplies and considerable cost benefits. In addition to introducing typical battery types and their benefits and drawbacks, this paper investigates the structures and operational concepts of LIBs and SIBs. SIBs have the advantages of low cost, abundant resources, and faster charge-discharge rates. However, they have lower energy density and require larger volume and weight. On the other hand, LIBs have a higher energy density, and more stable cycle life, but also have disadvantages such as poor safety, high cost, significant environmental impact, and destructive mining processes. The paper also focuses on the industrialization progress of SIBs by internationally renowned new energy companies such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd. (CATL) and Natron Energy, highlighting the advantages of SIBs in the field of energy storage.