Abstract
Developing sustainable and environmentally friendly energy storage technologies for electric vehicles has become increasingly important with the growing demand for electric vehicles and increasing climate concerns. Lithium-ion batteries have been the primary energy storage technology used in electric vehicles due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low cost compared to other options. However, safety concerns related to the flammability of liquid electrolytes have motivated research on alternative energy storage technologies, mainly Sodium-ion and solid-state batteries. This paper reviews the status of sodium-ion and solid-state batteries as viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Sodium-ion batteries have shown promising results regarding energy density, safety, and cost but face challenges related to their lower specific energy and power density. Solid-state batteries have the potential to overcome many of the safety concerns associated with liquid electrolytes and exhibit high energy density but are currently limited by their high cost and low cycle life.
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