Abstract
Wind energy is an alternative to meet the growing energy demand. Control of wind turbines should help the reliability and stable operation of the power grid. Furthermore, they should respect the technical requirements according to the grid codes to inject the wind energy into the grid. In this paper, a well-known field-oriented control (FOC) method and a new control method based on the flatness properties (FBC) are presented and compared. These control methods are applied to a wind energy conversion system (WECS), which connects a variable-speed wind turbine (WT) based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to the grid via a back-to-back converter. The main aim of both control methods is to extract the maximum power from the wind. For this purpose, the mathematical model of each subsystem, i.e., WT, PMSG, and electrical grid, is presented. To evaluate and to compare the dynamic behavior of the high-power wind energy conversion system, it is modeled and the control strategies are developed using SimPowerSystems Toolbox in MATLAB. The simulation results obtained in the time domain show that the FBC performs better at managing the energy in the studied system. Indeed, the proposed FBC is a high bandwidth control method with only one closed-loop control, which leads to a high dynamic performance. Therefore, that strategy can be used to provide ancillary services such as frequency control and spinning reserves according to the grid codes.
Highlights
Wind energy is an alternative to meet the growing energy demand and to protect the environment [1]
The Global Wind Energy Council has reported a global capacity of 651 GW with 60.4 GW of new installations in 2019 and an expectation of growth of more than 100 GW in annual installations over the decade [2,3]
Research on the wind power industry started to improve in the last century where the variable-speed wind turbine (WT) with a full-scale frequency converter was used in distributed power generation systems [4,5,6,7,8]
Summary
Wind energy is an alternative to meet the growing energy demand and to protect the environment [1]. The variable-speed WTs, the most common type of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs), are able to extract more power than the fixed-speed WTs can [9] In this system, the utilization of PMSGs has more advantages in comparison with induction generators such as high efficiency and reliability. To improve the efficiency and the reliability of the control, a nonlinear sliding mode control strategy was applied to the wind power generation system under symmetrical and an asymmetrical grid voltage sags in [16,17], respectively. This method was used to control a doubly fed induction generator-based WT [18]. PWT and Pdc are the WT output active power and the power delivered to the network, respectIinvetlhye. sections, two methods are explained to control the DC-bus voltage and each bridge
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