Wind Turbines with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and Full-Power Converters: Modelling, Control and Simulation

Abstract

Research about dynamic models for grid-connected wind energy conversion systems is one of the challenges to achieve knowledge for the ongoing change due to the intensification of using wind energy in nowadays. This book chapter is an involvement on those models, but dealing with wind energy conversion systems consisting of wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) and full-power converters. Particularly, the focus is on models integrating the dynamic of the system as much as potentially necessary in order to assert consequences on the operation of system. In modelling the energy captured from the wind by the blades, disturbance imposed by the asymmetry in the turbine, the vortex tower interaction, and the mechanical eigenswings in the blades are introduced in order to assert a more accurate behaviour of wind energy conversion systems. The conversion system dynamic comes up from modelling the dynamic behaviour due to the main subsystems of this system: the variable speed wind turbine, the mechanical drive train, and the PMSG and power electronic converters. The mechanical drive train dynamic is considered by three different model approaches, respectively, onemass, two-mass or three-mass model approaches in order to discuss which of the approaches are more appropriated in detaining the behaviour of the system. The power electronic converters are modelled for three different topologies, respectively, two-level, multilevel or matrix converters. The consideration of these topologies is in order to expose its particular behaviour and advantages in what regards the total harmonic distortion of the current injected in the electric network. The electric network is modelled by a circuit consisting in a series of a resistance and inductance with a voltage source, respectively, considering two hypotheses: without harmonic distortion or with distortion due to the third harmonic, in order to show the influence of this third harmonic in the converter output electric current. Two types of control strategies are considered in the dynamic models of this book chapter, respectively, through the use of classical control or fractional-order control. Case studies were written down in order to emphasize the ability of the models to simulate new contributions for studies on grid-connected wind energy conversion systems.