Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP)-type 3D printing ensures several advantages, such as an easy solution process, a short printing time, high-quality printing, and selective light curing. Furthermore, polyurethane (PU) is among the promising candidates for 3D printing because of its wide range of applications. This work reports comparative studies on the fabrication and optimization of PU composites using a polyaniline (PANI) nanomaterial and a graphene sheet (GS) for DLP-type 3D printing. The morphologies and dispersion of the printed PU composites were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images. Bonding structures in the PU composites were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. As-prepared PU/PANI and PU/GS composites with different filler contents were successfully printed into sculptures with different sizes and shapes. The PU/PANI and PU/GS composites exhibit the improved sheet resistance, which is up to 8.57 × 104 times (1.19 × 106 ohm/sq) lower and 1.27 × 105 times (8.05 × 105 ohm/sq) lower, respectively, than the pristine PU (1.02 × 1011 ohm/sq). Moreover, the PU/PANI and PU/GS composites demonstrate 1.41 times (44.5 MPa) higher and 2.19 times (69.3 MPa) higher tensile strengths compared with the pristine PU (31.6 MPa). This work suggests the potential uses of highly conductive PU composites for DLP-type 3D printing.
Highlights
Three-dimensional printing is among the future-oriented manufacturing technologies that can significantly contribute to the fourth industrial revolution, and 3D printing makes it easy to create custom products with the desired designs, shapes, and sizes for various applications, such as machinery, jewelry, automobile, dental, electronic products, medicine, tissue engineering, construction materials, and so forth [1,2,3]
The results indicate that the hydrogen bonding interactions between PU chains are weakened by both PANI and graphene sheet (GS) [34]
The elongation at the break point (%) of the PU/GS composites increases in the following order: pristine PU (5.20 × 102 ) < 0.33 wt% (5.79 × 102 ) < 1 wt% (6.36 × 102 ) < 2 wt% (6.61 × 102 ). These results indicate that the GS was a suitable filler to achieve tougher and stronger PU sculptures after the digital light processing (DLP)-type 3D printing
Summary
Three-dimensional printing is among the future-oriented manufacturing technologies that can significantly contribute to the fourth industrial revolution, and 3D printing makes it easy to create custom products with the desired designs, shapes, and sizes for various applications, such as machinery, jewelry, automobile, dental, electronic products, medicine, tissue engineering, construction materials, and so forth [1,2,3]. There are various technologies involved in 3D printing, such as material extrusion, stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), powder bed fusion, material jetting, binder jetting, and powder jet fusion [1,2,3]. Material extrusion technology can be low-cost and provide a simple process for 3D printing, the resolution of the printed sculptures is low, and a long processing time is required to conduct material extrusion. SLA provides a high vertical resolution and a high printing quality, but the SLA method requires a long processing time [1,2,3]. Stretchable silicone elastomer, with 1100% of strain at a break point, was realized by the DLP-type 3D printing of silicone
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