Abstract
The hemodynamic response to orthostatic stress was evaluated with an impedance cardiograph in both normal subjects and patients with cardiovascular disease. The results correlated well with our previous results and those of other investigators using either invasive or noninvasive methods, namely: as compared with the normal control subjects, patients with cardiovascular disorders had increased tolerance to orthostatic stress manifested by restricted or absent increases in heart rate, and decreases in stroke volume, cardiac output and ejection time.
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