Comparative research on the origin of muscle invasive bladder cancer and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer cells

Abstract

Objective To identify the cell origin of bladder cancer and to elucidate the mechanism of cancer caused by abnormal differentiation of cells with stem cell characteristics in bladder tissue. Methods Relying on Department of Urology, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People’s Hospital, the following tissues were collected in 2018: bladder precancerous lesion (Ta) 1 case and muscle invasive bladder cancer (≥T2) 2 case in bladder cancer patients. And then, paraffin tissue sections were prepared and then the primary cells were cultured. Unsupervised clustering of RNA expression profiles of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) samples using t-SNE algorithm. Pathway annotations of differential genes in GO database. Analysis of differentiation characteristics in MIBC process by analysis of variance. Preliminary validation was performed in paraffin section staining of tumor tissue and bladder cancer cell lines. Results Cluster analysis revealed differences in gene expression associated with bladder epithelial differentiation between MIBC and NMIBC. Pathway annotations were performed in GO database to identify markers associated with stem, cancer metastasis, differentiation and urothelium in differentially expressed genes (P 0.05). Conclusion The progression of MIBC is a process of differentiation, whose tumor cells are in a poorly differentiated state. It may be a strong evidence that stem cells in the bladder tissue act as the cell origin of MIBC. Key words: Muscle invasive bladder cancer; Cell origin; Stem cells; Differentiation