Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafoodborne pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis and septicemia diseases in humans and even death. The emergence of multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus leads to difficulties and rising costs of medical treatment. The bacterium of environmental origins containing no major virulence genes (tdh and trh) has been reported to be associated with infectious diarrhea disease as well. Identification of risk factors in V. parahaemolyticus is imperative for assuming food safety. In this study, we obtained secretomic and proteomic profiles of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from 12 species of commonly consumed aquatic products and identified candidate protein spots by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry techniques. A total of 11 common and 28 differential extracellular proteins were found from distinct secretomic profiles, including eight virulence-associated proteins: outer membrane channel TolC, maltoporin, elongation factor Tu, enolase, transaldolase, flagellin C, polar flagellin B/D, and superoxide dismutase, as well as five antimicrobial and/or heavy metal resistance-associated ABC transporter proteins. Comparison of proteomic profiles derived from the 12 V. parahaemolyticus isolates also revealed five intracellular virulence-related proteins, including aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase, outer membrane protein A, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C, phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase, and phosphoglycerate kinase. Additionally, our data indicated that aquatic product matrices significantly altered proteomic profiles of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates with a number of differentially expressed proteins identified. The results in this study meet the increasing need for novel diagnosis candidates of the leading seafoodborne pathogen worldwide.
Highlights
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative bacterium that thrives in marine, estuarine, and aquaculture environments worldwide (Ghenem et al, 2017)
The Hg and AMP/KAN/RIF/STR resistance profile was the most predominant among the strains tested (Figure 1). These results demonstrated genetic diversity of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates recovered from the 12 species of commonly consumed aquatic products
The information in V. parahaemolyticus proteomics is minimally available to date (Fu et al, 2014; He et al, 2015; Perez-Acosta et al, 2018; Tang et al, 2018; Zhong et al, 2019)
Summary
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative bacterium that thrives in marine, estuarine, and aquaculture environments worldwide (Ghenem et al, 2017). Vibrio parahaemolyticus was initially identified in an outbreak of infectious diarrhea disease in 1950 in Osaka, Japan, caused by contaminated semidried juvenile sardines, which sickened 272 and killed 20 people (Fujino et al, 1965). Outbreaks and prevalence of the infectious disease are reported in many countries in the world (Ghenem et al, 2017; Baker-Austin et al, 2018). In the United States, there were approximately 35,000 cases of acute gastroenteritis infected by V. parahaemolyticus per year from 2000 to 2008 (Baker-Austin et al, 2018). Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea disease, especially among adults in coastal regions in China (Yang C. et al, 2019). The global spread of V. parahaemolyticus underscores the need for a better understanding of virulence traits of the bacterium
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