Abstract
AbstractDuring Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection interactions take place between host and the pathogen. This interac-tion mainly determines the efficiency of viral infection and the disease progression. Human Immunodeficiency Virus infectedcells responds to several antiviral immune mechanisms such as innate, cellular and humoral immune antiviral defense. Thisvirus has also gained resistance to suppress these host cellular responses. Out of many self resistance mechanisms, Viral prote inR (VpR) occupies a significant role, such as nuclear transport of the viral pre-integration complex, activation of viral transc rip-tion, induction of cell cycle and apoptosis of the host cells. Apart from these specific roles, the function of VpR remains mys teryfor the structural bioinformatics. The comparative modeling approach is used to predict the structure of a VpR using NMRstructure of the HIV-1 regulatory protein as the template (PDB ID: 1ESX: A). The theoretical structure of VpR is generatedusing Modeller9v1, a program for comparative modeling of protein using special restraints. This theoretical structure believesto paves the way for the novel lead synthesis.Keywords
Highlights
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to retroviral family which leads to Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome which leads to failure in immune response
Viral protein R (VpR) is an integral part of viral particles suggesting an important role in early stages of infection (Cohen EA et al, 1990), (Yu XF et al, 1990), (Lu YL et al, 1993), (Emerman M, 1996) which is required for viral replication in non-dividing cells such as macrophages (Agostini I et al, 2002) and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in proliferating cells, which leads to immune dysfunction (He J et al, 1995), (Jowett JB et al, 1995), (Re F et al, 1995), (Rogel ME et al, 1995)
VpR involved in key regulation of nuclear import of Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) preintegration complex, a significant role in early stages of integration, viral replication in non-dividing cells, induces cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis in proliferating cells
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to retroviral family which leads to Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome which leads to failure in immune response. HIV-1 possess the following virion particle is Vif, VpR, Nef, p7 and viral protease. VpR plays an important role in regulating nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex (Heinzinger NK et al 1994). VpR is an integral part of viral particles suggesting an important role in early stages of infection (Cohen EA et al, 1990), (Yu XF et al, 1990), (Lu YL et al, 1993), (Emerman M, 1996) which is required for viral replication in non-dividing cells such as macrophages (Agostini I et al, 2002) and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in proliferating cells, which leads to immune dysfunction (He J et al, 1995), (Jowett JB et al, 1995), (Re F et al, 1995), (Rogel ME et al, 1995). VpR is conserved in both HIV-1 and HIV-2. The template structure is characterized by a well defined gamma turn [14,15,16] - alpha helix [17-33]- turn [34-36] followed by a alpha helix [40-48] –loop[49-54]- alpha helix [55-83] domain and ends with a very flexible C terminal sequence (Wecker K et al, 2002)
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