Comparative Haematological and Biochemical Effects of Cocktail Vaccine (DHLPPi) and Abrus precatorius Seed Aqueous Extract on Canine Parvoviral Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Nigerian Local Dogs

A S Saganuwan,H A Fotina,M T Tion

doi:10.32718/nvlvet9215

Abstract

Because of increasing incidence of resistance to infectious microorganisms, immunotherapy has been considered as an alternative/complementary to chemotherapy. More so Abrus precatorius leaf extract has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects in animals. In view of this, comparative haematology and biochemistry of cocktail vaccine (DHLPPi) and Abrus precatorius seed extract (APSE) was studied in rats. Sixteen (16) Nigerian local dogs of both sexes weighing 7.19 ± 0.46 kg, aged 15.44 ± 0.76 weeks old were divided into four groups of 4 each. Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 was administered 1 ml of normal saline (0.9%), APSE (2.72 mg/Kg), APSE (2.72 mg/Kg)+DHLPPi (1 ml) and DHLPPi (1 ml) respectively. Fourteen days after administration of the extract and vaccine, 3 ml of blood sample was collected from each of the dogs for haematology and serum biochemistry. The findings revealed significantly (P < 0.05)decreased packed cell volume, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, neutrophils, leucocytes, platelets and increased monocytes, decreased total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the group administered extract and extract/vaccine. Hence, the extract and extract/DHLPPi vaccine can be used in prevention chronic viral infection of dogs.

Highlights

Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment and control of human and livestock diseases and herbal remedies represent the source of one in every four drugs (Garg, 2006)
The seeds were thoroughly washed with tap water, dried on filter papers and air dried under open shade for 1 month
The significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HB) and red blood cells (RBCs) in dogs administered 2.72 mg/Kg extract, 2.72 mg/Kg extract + DHLPPi and DHLPPi show that both the extract and the vaccine could cause hemolysis in Nigerian local dogs. This disagrees with the finding that the extract causes increase in PCV, HB and RBC (Saganuwan and Gulumbe, 2005b)

Summary

Introduction

Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment and control of human and livestock diseases and herbal remedies represent the source of one in every four drugs (Garg, 2006). Some plants have effects on hematology and serum biochemistry (Jiang et al, 2015). Viral infections are known as one group of the major causes of death worldwide (Adelowotan et al, 2008). Some antiviral drugs are nonspecific for particular viruses (Bhutia et al, 2009). The development of novel cost‐effective and specific antiviral regimens is the prime focus of the current medical research (Adedapo et al, 2007). The plant‐related drugs have activities against viral infections (Anam, 2001)

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Results

Conclusion