Abstract
Genome sequencing and comparative analysis of bacteriophage collections has greatly enhanced our understanding regarding their prevalence, phage-host interactions as well as the overall biodiversity of their genomes. This knowledge is very relevant to phages infecting Lactococcus lactis, since they constitute a significant risk factor for dairy fermentations. Of the eighty four lactococcal phage genomes currently available, fifty five belong to the so-called 936 group, the most prevalent of the ten currently recognized lactococcal phage groups. Here, we report the genetic characteristics of a new collection of 936 group phages. By combining these genomes to those sequenced previously we determined the core and variable elements of the 936 genome. Genomic variation occurs across the 936 phage genome, such as genetic elements that (i) lead to a +1 translational frameshift resulting in the formation of additional structures on the phage tail, (ii) specify a double neck passage structure, and (iii) encode packaging module-associated methylases. Hierarchical clustering of the gene complement of the 936 group phages and nucleotide alignments allowed grouping of the ninety 936 group phages into distinct clusters, which in general appear to correspond with their geographical origin.
Highlights
V3 V3 V3 V2 V3 V3 V3 V3 V3 V2 V3 V2 V3 V2 V2 V3 V3 V3 V2 V3 V3 V3 V2 V2 V1 V3 V3 V2 V5 V2 V3 V3 V4 V2 V4 V3 V2 V2
To determine the core genome of the 936 group phages, thirty five phage genome sequences derived from a recently assembled collection, members of which had originated from four dairy factories, designated F1–F4, in The Netherlands, were added to those sequenced previously, giving a total collection of ninety phages
A set of twenty nine protein families were identified to be commonly encoded by all examined phage genomes and believed to correspond to the core genome of the 936 group of lactococcal phages[16]
Summary
Comparative analysis of the analysed phage genomes revealed various regions of diversity, which are likely to have arisen due to host-mediated phage resistance systems and/or man-made, processing-imposed hurdles to reduce their number and infectivity
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
