Abstract
We isolated Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) strain 1A00316 from Antarctica. This bacterium has a high efficiency against Meloidogyne incognita (M. incognita) in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. The complete genome of P. putida 1A00316 was sequenced using PacBio single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. A comparative genomic analysis of 16 Pseudomonas strains revealed that although P. putida 1A00316 belonged to P. putida, it was phenotypically more similar to nematicidal Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) strains. We characterized the diversity and specificity of nematicidal factors in P. putida 1A00316 with comparative genomics and functional analysis, and found that P. putida 1A00316 has diverse nematicidal factors including protein alkaline metalloproteinase AprA and two secondary metabolites, hydrogen cyanide and cyclo-(l-isoleucyl-l-proline). We show for the first time that cyclo-(l-isoleucyl-l-proline) exhibit nematicidal activity in P. putida. Interestingly, our study had not detected common nematicidal factors such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and pyrrolnitrin in P. putida 1A00316. The results of the present study reveal the diversity and specificity of nematicidal factors in P. putida strain 1A00316.
Highlights
Pseudomonas species are ubiquitous in the natural world and produce a remarkable array of secondary metabolites active against agriculturally important plant diseases[13]
Some other comparative genome analysis of Pseudomonas strains have been reported, they mainly focused on the Pseudomonas strains which degraded organic pollutant or some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Pseudomonas[19,20,21,22]
We report the complete genome sequence of P. putida 1A00316 isolated from Antarctica soil
Summary
Pseudomonas species are ubiquitous in the natural world and produce a remarkable array of secondary metabolites active against agriculturally important plant diseases[13]. Loper et al characterized the diversity and phylogeny of plant-associated Pseudomonas spp. involved in multitrophic interactions based on the comparative genomic study[18]. They found that ten P. fluorescens strains exhibited a diverse spectrum of traits involved in biological control and other multitrophic interactions with plants, microbes, and insects. That study of secondary metabolite biosynthesis did not include functional analyses of biocontrol activity. We performed comparative genomic and phenotypic analyses of 16 strains within the Pseudomonas group (five P. fluorescens, two P. protegens, and nine P. putida strains), including the newly sequenced P. putida 1A00316. We further identified and characterized the nematicidal factors in P. putida 1A00316, and explored their distribution within other Pseudomonas strains
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