Abstract
Aim: To compare the effect of EDTA, Phytic acid and Peracitic acid on smear layer removal by effective conventional irrigation.
 Materials and Methodology: A total of 50 extracted mandibular premolars were selected. The canals were instrumented by rotary system up to F2 ProTaper and irrigated with 3% NaOCL simultaneously, teeth were divided into 4 groups according to the final irrigants: 17% EDTA; 2.25% PERACITIC ACID; 1% Phytic Acid; and saline. The canals were irrigated with 25 guage side vented needles for 5 minutes. Specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Smear layer removal was evaluated at coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canal. The data is analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
 Results: In this study, the control group that is normal saline (4.05 ± 1.06) showed very less amount of smear layer removal. The highest amount of smear layer removal was seen in the group with phytic acid followed by peracitic acid and sodium hypochlorite groups. The apical third showed significantly more smear layer than the coronal and middle thirds (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between the coronal and middle thirds in all experimental groups (p>0.05).
 Conclusion: 1% phytic acid was the most effective in removing the smear layer at each level of the root canal followed by 2.5% peracitic and 17% EDTA.
Highlights
The primary goal of an endodontic therapy is to obtain optimal cleaning and shaping, ensure effective microbial control, and complete and effective obturation of the root canal space
A highly significant difference was seen between the phytic acid, Peracitic acid (PAA), and EDTA groups in smear layer removal at the apical third of the root canal (P < 0.05)
There was no significant difference between the EDTA and the PAA groups in smear layer removal from the coronal and middle thirds
Summary
The primary goal of an endodontic therapy is to obtain optimal cleaning and shaping, ensure effective microbial control, and complete and effective obturation of the root canal space. In the present context, the focus is on finding an ideal root canal irrigant which has desirable properties such as effective disinfection with adequate lubrication and flushing action, antibacterial properties, ability to dissolve organic and inorganic tissues, non-toxic to surrounding tissues and without weakening the tooth structure [7]. It should retain its effectiveness with dental hard tissues and when it mixed with other irrigants, it should possess low surface tension. Sodium hypochlorite dissolves the organic tissue whereas EDTA is a chelating agent for inorganic divalent cations including Ca+
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