Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate osteogenesis promoted by osteoconductive properties of bone grafting materials and the histopathological effects of ozone on osteogenesis. In total, 56 Winstar rats were equally divided into 4 groups. In control group, calvarial bone defect was created in 14 rats. For second group, 8 mm calvarial bone defect with ozone treatment was applied in 14 rats. For third group, an alloplastic bone graft was implanted on 8 mm calvarial bone defect. In fourth group, alloplastic bone graft was inserted in calvarial defect and ozone was treated additionally. Seven of the rats were sacrificed at the end of 4th week and the remaining 7 were sacrificed at the end of 8th week of experiment. In the study, the periosteal flaps were removed with a thin periosteal elevator and averagely 0.8 cm diameter-circular full bone defect was created with a specially designed trephine drill. The bone from the calvarial region was fixed in 10% formalin solution. After decalcification, bones were taken for routine paraffin blocking. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson Trichrome. Histopathological findings of 4th and 8th weeks rats showed that best result for new bone formation was observed in graft + ozone treatment. It is concluded that ozone treatment increases the hemostasis in graft region, induces angiogenesis, promotes cell proliferation by preventing infiltration, induces matrix formation by influencing osteoblastic activity and has a positive effect in osteogenesis.
Highlights
Fracture healing depends on many actors: Local factors such as the degree of trauma, the position of the wound edges relative to each other, the vascularization of the wound area, the type of bone, the degree of immobilization, the amount of local necrosis and soft tissue damage, the presence of infections and systemic diseases; hormones such as parathyroid, calcitonin, insulin, growth hormones; vitamins such as A, C and D and general factors such as chondroitin sulphate and exercises [1] [2]
2) Experimental Group: 8 mm calvarial bone defects were created in all rats and treated with ozone. 7 of the subjects were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week, and the remaining 7 were sacrificed at the end of the 8th week
3) Experimental Group: 8 mm calvarial bone defects were created in all rats and alloplastic bone grafts were applied to the defect. 7 of rats were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week and the remaining were sacrificed at the end of the 8th week
Summary
Fracture healing depends on many actors: Local factors such as the degree of trauma, the position of the wound edges relative to each other, the vascularization of the wound area, the type of bone, the degree of immobilization, the amount of local necrosis and soft tissue damage, the presence of infections and systemic diseases (i.e. age, diabetes, anemia, tuberculosis); hormones such as parathyroid, calcitonin, insulin, growth hormones; vitamins such as A, C and D and general factors such as chondroitin sulphate and exercises [1] [2]. Cortical grafts provide a durable and rigid structure but they have no ability to increase osteogenesis. The primary advantage of cancellous bone and bone marrow is that they are able to significantly enhance osteogenesis. These abilities depend on the fact that they have viable cells that can transform into osteoblasts as well as those that induce osteogenesis. Due to the limited availability of autografts, undesirable features of allografts and xenografts such as the risk of disease transfer, researchers have been focused on synthetically graft materials which of them have been produced for use in bone defects. Since large numbers of those materials are produced, they should be studied well in researches. Alloplasts have become a necessary material in recent years for the repair of maxillofacial skeleton [7] [8]
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