Comparative Evaluation of Impact and Flexural Strength of Four Commercially Available Flexible Denture Base Materials: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Poly-methyl methacrylate is a rigid material. It is generally observed that the impact and flexural strength of this material is not satisfactory and that is reflected in the continuous efforts to improve these mechanical properties. Hence there was a serious need to make another material which could overcome the limitations of the existing materials and could have better properties, like thermoplastic materials. The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the impact strength and the flexural strength of four different flexible denture base materials (thermoplastic denture base resins) with the conventional denture base material (high impact polymethyl-methacrylate). Two, machine made master moulds of metal blocks according to the size of sample holder of the equipment were prepared to test the impact and flexural strength. Total 40 samples, 10 for each group of flexible denture base materials namely: De-flex (Deflex, United Kingdom), Lucitone FRS (Densply, Germany), Valplast (Novoblast, USA), and Bre-flex (Bredent, Germany) in specially designed flask by injection molded process. For different flexible materials, the time, temperature and pressure for injecting the materials were followed as per the manufacturer's instructions. Total 20 samples for control (Trevelon denture base materials) were prepared by compression moulded process, for each test. ANOVA test was applied to calculate p value. Unpaired t test was applied to calculate t-value. Tukey-Kramer multiple test was provided for comparison between the groups for flexural and impact strength. From the statistical analysis, it was found that, the impact strength of Group III (Valplast) was found to be the highest than all other groups and nearer to the control group. Whereas Group IV (Bre-flex) had the maximum flexural strength. The flexural strength of Group I (De-flex) was lowest than all other groups and nearer to control group. The values were found to be statistically significant but clinically non-significant with the control (p<0.001). The overall results of the study showed that, Group III (Valplast) had the maximum impact strength and Group I (De-flex) had the lowest flexural strength, whereas Group IV (Bre-flex) had the maximum flexural strength and lowest impact strength.