Comparative estimation of antilithogenic activity of porcine kidney derived biomedical substance and sodium citrate in experimental urolithiasis

Abstract

to compare the anti-lithogenic activity of biomedical substance derived from freeze-dried porcine kidney and sodium citrate. The experiments were conducted on Wistar rats divided into three groups of 15 animals each: control group (disease control), comparison group (sodium citrate treatment) and experimental group (treatment with biomedical substance from porcine kidneys). Experimental urolithiasis was modeled using the ethylene glycol model. On every 7th day of the 6 week experiment testing was done calcium and oxalate urine concentration and the activity of marker enzymes of renal epithelial damage: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), -glutamyl transferase (GGT), and N-acetyl--D-glucosaminidase (NAG). At the end of the experiment, a part of the rats were decapitated and the renal tissue was tested for the oxidant status indicators of (renal thiobarbiturate reactive product content, TBRP, and total prooxidant activity, TPA) and antioxidant enzyme activities: glutathione peroxidase (GPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). To measure the number and size of calcium deposits formed in the renal papillary area, the Koss histochemical method was used. The experimental findings showed developing oxalate nephrolithiasis in the control group, as indicated by urinary supersaturation of oxalate ion, increased activity of marker enzymes, oxidative stress and the formation of numerous calcium deposits in the renal papillary area. In the comparison group, the 3-week use of sodium citrate contributed to a significant decrease in nephrolithiasis: a 3 to 4-fold decrease in the activity of marker enzymes in the urine, a 3.8-fold increase in the concentration of TBRP, normalization of GPO activity; the number and size of urinary calcium deposits decreased by 3.4 and 1.9 times, respectively. In the experimental group, using biomedical substance led to an even greater therapeutic effect. LDH activity and concentration of TPRP showed 1.9 times and by 26.2% greater decrease than in the comparison group, respectively, SOD and CAT activity almost doubled, there were 3.6 times fewer calcium deposits in the field of view and their mean size was 1.7 times smaller than in the comparison group. The study findings showed that the porcine kidney derived biomedical substance provide significantly greater antilithogenic effect than sodium citrate.