Comparative Efficacy of Phenol Concentration against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in Some Hulled Barley Cultivars Productivity and Grain Quality

Abstract

Barley is an important food crop particularly for animal feeding and human food over the word, which infested by Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) insects at stored grain stage. Using modern methods of protection of stored grains from insect pests within integrated management (IPM) programs is an important approach. Ten hulled Egyptian barley cultivars were grown at Sakha Agricultural research station farm during two growing seasons 2020/ 2021 and 2021/ 2022 to evaluated their susceptible to R. dominica after 180 days from seeds storage. The influence of using phenol application on R. dominica and chemical properties of the barley grain were evaluated. The results showed that the barley cultivars (Giza123, Giza 2000, Giza137 and Giza138) were the lowest cultivars infested by R. dominica, which showed least reduction of weight loss and least percentage of grain infestation. Positive significant correlation was found among all insect infestation traits with protein content and total carbohydrates content. The loadings of principal component analysis PCA described about 96.4 % of the total variability of all studied traits. The heatmap cluster analysis, clustered all the ten hulled barley into two major clusters based on their productivity, grain quality and R. dominica infestation characters. Using phenol concentration of (0.4 g ai / kg) exhibited high toxic for R. dominica insect, showed lower LC50 values for Giza 132, Giza2000, Giza137 and Giza138 by (1.80, 2.08, 2.60, and 2.60 g ai / kg grains), high response index percentage (100.00, 85.50, 69.23 and 69.23%) with complete reduction of adult progeny of R. dominica after 120 hrs. of exposure. The technological quality of barley cultivars grains haven’t showing any significant change after treated with different phenol treatments.