Comparative effect of biological and chemical methods of plant protection of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on diseases and yield in the arid zone of Volgograd region

Abstract

Volgograd region is a large winter wheat production region, where it is sown on more than one million hectares. The issues of increasing the yield of winter wheat grain are relevant. The most effective method for solving this problem is the use of chemical and biological preparations for seed treatment and foliar feeding. Scientific research was carried out in the experimental field of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology RAN from 2019 to 2021 (Russia, Volgograd). The soil is light chestnut, solonetz and heavy loam. Biological and chemical methods of winter wheat Kamyshanka 4 crop protection in cereal fallow rotation in the dry steppe zone of the Lower Volga region were used in the experiment. The aim of the research was to develop biological and chemical methods of plant protection of winter wheat, taking into account the varietal and zonal characteristics to increase the yield and seed quality. The novelty is that for the first time in the conditions of the dry steppe zone of the Lower Volga region in the laboratory of breeding, seed production and nursery production of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology RAN the effectiveness of biological and chemical methods of protection on winter wheat crops was studied and the economic assessment of the studied agronomic methods was given. The investigation of the studied methods of winter wheat protection in rainfed conditions on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region revealed an increase of the crop capacity by 27.5%, an improvement of the phytosanitary state of the crops by 48.1%, an increase of the profitability in the variants with biological protection methods (BSCа-3 2.0 l/ha+potassium humate 1.0 l/t (grain treatment)+BSCа-3 2.0 l/ha (vegetative treatment)) compared to the control variant (b/o). Minimum values of biometric indicators, elements of yield structure and yield were obtained with the use of chemical means of protection.