Comparative Chemical Study For Species Of The Family Poaceae

Abstract

Background: The species P. incurva, S. arabica, C. pakeri, A. donax, A. palaestina, S. barbatus, S. divaricatus and L. hirsutus belongs to the grass family, which is a herbaceous plant that is widespread in Iraqi lands were selected These plants are known as forage plants. The chemical compounds of leaves of these species which belong to different tribes of the Poaceae family were detected 510 compounds were observed, the fewest number of chemical compounds (35) recorded in the leaves of the species P. incurva, while the highest number (90) compounds in the species S. arabica, and the lowest retention time (2.852) minutes recorded with Propane, 2,2-diethoxy-, while the highest detention time (28.272) minutes with the compound Citronellol epoxide (R or S) in the species S. arabica, It was observed that the lowest number of repeated chemical compounds reached two chemical compounds in the P. incurva, as each chemical compound was repeated twice, while the highest number of repeated chemical compounds, (13) compound in the species A. palaestina and by comparing the chemical content, it was noticed the similarity of all studied species by containing the two compounds Propane, 2, 2-diethoxy- and Propan amide, 2-methoxy-N-methyl- while the compound 1,2-Butanediol, appeared in all species except for species A. donax, as well as for the two compounds 2- pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl and Acetoxyiso butyrylchloride , which were found in all species except P. incurva. The species P. incurva, A. donax and S. arabica shared the compound propanic acid, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-, ethyl ester, and on the other hand, A. palaestina, S. divaricatus, S. barbatus, and L. hirsutus shared In the compounds 1,3-Dioxolane, 2-methanol, 2,4-dimethyl, and 2,3-Butanedione, monooxime was found in all the studied species except for the species P. incurva, A. donax, and S. arabica. This study also noticed the existence of peaks, as the diagnose with the lowest number of peaks reached (7) in the type P. incurva, while the highest number of peaks (18) in the type S. arabica. The results showed that the studied species can be separated easily using chemical analysis techniques. Conclusion: The present study proved that the studied species can be classing by means of chemical analysis techniques, especially GC-MS technique, which represents a direct and rapid analytical approach to identify the plant components As it reached the maximum genetic distance between L. hirsutus and S. arabica (1016.2), while the euclidean distance between S. divaricatus and A. palaestina (353.74) was the lowest distance that was calculated .In molecular study, cluster analysis (phylogenetic tree) by unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) based dendrogram revealed that they were two main genetic groups: one small cluster A containing 3 varieties and a large cluster B containing 5 varieties.Cluster analysis (phylogenetic tree) by unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) based dendrogram revealed that they were two main genetic groups: one small cluster A containing 3 varieties and a large cluster B containing 5 varieties.